Recently Published GRC Studies & Dissertations

The most recent published journal articles and dissertations are listed in this file. I want to identify current GRC researchers who may be helpful to you in networking and showcase their research.

From 2020-2025, 60 new studies on GRC were completed. Forty studies were published in academic journals and 20 dissertations were completed. Men from 15 countries were studied.

Table 1 below gives a summary of the studies with the 30 content areas identified. Seven specific content areas were identified including: 1) health, medical, and nursing, 2) race, sexual orientation, & gender identity, 3) violence and racial discrimination, 4) international studies, 5) special groups of men, 6) clinical issues and GRC, 7) psychometrics & methodological issues. Studies in these content areas are enumerated below and the references for each study are listed at the end Table 1.

Table 1: Click to expand

 

Table 1: Content Analysis of Recently Published Journal Studies and Dissertations from 2020–present
Overall GRC Content Studied
Topic Citation Topic Citation Topic Citation
Women Lewis, 2025; Gaskin-Cole, 2024 Athletic identity & injury Cranwick et al., 2023 Stress Tejrana, 2022
Male body image Courtney, 2024 Gender role journey phases Grandi et al., 2023 Depression Le & Iwamoto, 2022
Body dissatisfaction Mitchell, 2021 Religion Thorpe et al., 2023 Stigma Driver et al., 2022
Traditional masculinity Jenkins et al., 2025; Krivoshchekov et al., 2023 Rejection sensitivity Levanda, 2023 Sexual aggression Loya, 2022
Masculine ideology Levanda, 2023; Booth, 2021 Anal intercourse Angelini-Cooke, 2022 Post sexual assault Tredimnick, 2022
Masculine norms conformity Ford & Keane, 2024 Psychiatric symptoms Thorpe et al., 2023 Trauma Gilbar et al., 2021
GRC as text Daoulitzis & Kordoutis, 2024 Narcissism Frankovich, 2020 PTSD Heymnen, 2020
Mentalization Loya, 2022 Life time adversity Loeb et al., 2021 Emotional regulation/restriction Heymnen, 2020; McMahon & Moane, 2020
Help seeking Ford & Keane, 2024; Nagai, 2022; Angelini-Cooke, 2022; Moreland, 2020 Suicide & suicidal ideation Ponte Rodriguez, 2022; O’Beaglaich et al., 2020 Mental health treatment Williams, 2023
Romantic relationships Gaskin-Cole, 2024 Anxiety Dogan et al., 2022 Public health messaging Williams, 2023
Health, Medical, Nursing & GRC
Topic Citation Topic Citation Topic Citation
Doctor-patient conversations Komlenas, Siller, & Hochleitner, 2020 Sexual health & relationships Clossen et al., 2020 Multiple sclerosis Appleton & Robertson, 2025
Opioid addiction McMahon, 2025 Gynecological cancer Marifah et al., 2024 Testicular cancer Dax et al., 2023
Cardiovascular disease Scott-Storey et al., 2023 Prostate cancer Green, 2020 HIV stigma Loeb et al., 2021
Nurses – Nursing Christensen et al., 2021; Kellert et al., 2023; Chung-Hee & Seung-Yeon, 2021; Snowden, 2022; Sosa, 2023; O’Lyn et al., 2020
Race, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity & GRC
Topic Citation Topic Citation Topic Citation
South African Black men Clossen et al., 2020 African American men Dogan et al., 2020; Del Pino et al., 2022; Driver et al., 2022; Gaskin-Cole, 2024; Dogan et al., 2022 Trans feminine individuals Majeed & Gul, 2021
Gay men Daoulitzis et al., 2023; Eggenberger et al., 2022; Williams, 2023 Bisexual Black men Del Pino et al., 2021 Men who have sex with men Angelini-Cooke, 2022
Irish gay men McMahon & Moane, 2020
Violence, Racial Discrimination, GRC
Topic Citation Topic Citation Topic Citation
Violence against women Krivoshchekov et al., 2023 Post sexual assault Tredimnick, 2022 Sexual aggression Loya, 2022
Intimate partner violence severity Gilbar et al., 2021 Racial discrimination Le & Iwamoto, 2022 Discussing interpersonal violence Komlenas, Siller, & Hochleitner, 2020
Father’s violence Sung, 2020 Interpersonal violence Komlenas et al., 2020 Violence Frankovich, 2020
International GRC Studies by Country
Country Citation Country Citation Country Citation
Indian father/sons Asfaal, 2020 Adolescent Irish boys O’Beaglaich et al., 2020 Austrian men Komlenas, Siller, & Hochleitner, 2020
South African Black men Clossen et al., 2020 Indian men Tejrana, 2022 Chinese adolescents Kai, 2025

 

Journal Publications 2020-present

2025

Mogano, , N. T., Letsoalo D.L. Oduaran, C. A., (2025). Effects of masculine culture on the mental health of Northern Sotho male youth, BMC Psychology 13, 605.

Kai, X. (2025) The impact of gender role conflict on adolescent shyness and its mechanism-analysis based on the mediating role of self-disclosure, Advances in Psychology, 15, 4, 19-30, DOI 10.126771/ap2025. 154177

Appleton, D. & Robertson, N. (2025). The effect of gender ideal adherence on career burden and help seeking in male careers of people with multiple sclerosis. International Journal of MS Cate., 27, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2023-073.

Amilhamja, A.J. (2025). Assessing the gender role conflict among faculty of Sulu State College. Journal of Environmental and Social Psychology, 2, 1, 1-16.

Jenkins, D.L., McDermott, R.C., Levant, R.F. (2025). Adhering, rejecting, and conflicting: A latent profile analysis of emerging adult men’s traditional masculinity and gender role conflict.. Psychology of Men and Masculinities, 26(3), 475-487. https: //doi.org/10.1037/men000515.

McMahon, T. J. (2025). Opioid addiction and gender role conflict: A comparative study of fathers receiving treatment for an opioid use disorder. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 26(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000473.

2024

Reis, E., Moleiro, C. & Arriaga, P. Intimate partner violence directed at men: Experiences of violence, help-seeking, and potential gender role conflict among Portuguese men.  Sexuality & Culture 28:21-40 HTTPS//DOI.ORG/10.1007/S12119-023-10108-9.

Ma’rifah, A.R., Afiyanti, Y., Djatmiko, W., Ruwaida, I., Milanti, A. (2024). Gender role conflicts experienced by Indonesian women with gynecological cancer: A phenomenological study. Belitung Nursing Journal, 10 (1), 78-86. https://doi.org/100.33546/bnj.3064.

Daoultzis, K. C., & Kordoutis, P. (2024). A pilot study testing a new visual stimuli database for probing men’s Gender Role Conflict: GRASP (Gender Role Affective Stimuli Pool). Journal of Homosexuality. 71,72-95. DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2104147

Daoultzis, K. C., & Kordoutis, P. (2024). The bigger picture: The effect of context on Gender Role Conflict. Psychological Reports. 127 (2), 747-785.

Ford, P.A. & Keane, C.A. (2024). Australian men’s help-seeking intentions for anxiety symptoms: The impact of masculine norm conformity and gender role conflict. Heliyon, 7, 29114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliypn.2024e29114.

Jenkins, D. L., McDermott, R. C., & Levant, R. F. (2024). Adhering, rejecting, and conflicting: A latent profile analysis of emerging adult men’s traditional masculinity ideology and gender role conflict. Psychology of Men & Masculinities. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000515

2023

Dax, V., Ftanou, M., Tran, B., Lewin, J., Wiley, J.F. (2023). Malignancy, masculinities, and psychological distress: Comparisons made between men and testicular cancer and healthy controls. Psych-Oncology, 33, 1, e6262, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pon.6262.

Kellett, P., O’Lynn, C.E. Herakova, L.L. O’Connor,T. (2023). Gender role conflict and male nursing students’ academic and program success. Journal of Nursing Education, 62, (1), 42-46.

Krivoshchekov, V., Gulevich, O., Blagov, I. (2023). Traditional masculinity and male violence against women: A meta-analytic examination. Psychology of Men and Masculinities Https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/men0000426.

Cranswick, I., Tod, D., Clarke, P., Jones, A., (2023). Exploring the impact of athletic identity on gender role conflict and athlete injury fear avoidance in male English professional academy football players. Science Medicine Football, doi: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2224293.

Grandi, L., Minton, S., May, J., Tipton, K. (2023). UK men’s experience of the gender role journey and implications for clinicians and mental health services. Psychology of Men and Masculinities. Advance online publication. https:doi.org/10.1037/men0000421

Daoultzis, K. C., & Kordoutis, P. (2023). Gender Role Conflict, Gay Identity, Relationship Love Types and Relationship Satisfaction in Greek Gay Men: A Path Model. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 31, 3. 31,3.10608265231177432. https://doi.org/10.1177/10608265231177432.

Daoultzis, K. C., & Kordoutis, P. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Gender Role Conflict – Short form (GRC-SF) in straight and gay Greek men. Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships. 17 (2), 143-160.

Scott-Storey, K., O’Donnell, S., Vincent, C.D., Malcolm, J., Wuest, J. (2023). Cumulative lifetime violence, gender role conflict, and cardiovascular disease risk in Eastern Canadian men. American Journal of Men’s Health. 2023, May-June: 17(3): 15579883231176996. Doi:10.1177/155798832311876996.

Thorpe, S.M., Stevens-Watkins, D., Thrasher, S., Malone, N., Dogan, J.N. (2023). Religion, psychiatric symptoms, and gender role conflict among incarcerated Black men. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 24 (1), 76-82.

2022

Dogan, J.N., Stevens-Watkins, D., Miller-Roenig, K., Marshburn, C.K., Moody, M.D. (2022). Experiencing burnout: John Henryism, gender role conflict, and anxiety among incarcerated Black men. Int. J. Offender Ther Comp Criminal, doi: 10. 1177/0306624X221124841.

Le, T.P. & Iwamoto, D.K. (2022). Racial discrimination, gender role conflict, and depression in college men of color: A longitudinal test of racist-gender stress model. Psychology of Men & Masculinities. 23, 4-12

Driver, R. , Cortopassi, A.C., El-Krab, R., Eaton, L.A., Kalichman, S.C. (2022). Examining stigmatizing beliefs about PREP use Black sexual minority men: A test of explanatory mechanisms. Psychology of Men and Masculinities. 23, 1, 26-34.

Eggenberger, L., Komlrnac, N., Ehlert, U., Grub, J., Walther, A. (2022). Association between psychotherapy use, sexual orientation, and traditional masculinity among psychologically distressed men . Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 23, 384-398.

Komlenac, N. & Hochleitner, M. (2022). Internal structure and invariance analysis across gender of the common-language version of the Male Role Norm Inventory-Short Form. Psychology of Men and Masculinities, 23, 86-98.

Nagai, S. (2022). Does male gender role conflict inhibit help-seeking. Japanese Psychological Research. Doi: 10.1111/jpr.12413.

Tredinnick, L. (2022). Student-athlete barriers to bystander intervention: : Assessing gender role conflict and intention to respond to post-sexual assault. Sport Social Work Journal.,1, 189-207

Gawandari Farinasari, A., Chusniyah, T., Suryani, I., & Mardianto, M. (2022). Gender Role Conflict as a Psychological Well-Being Predictor of Unemployed Males With Family in Malang Regency. KnE Social Sciences, 7(1), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i1.10208

2021

Majeed, R., Ahmad, M., Gul, M. (2021). Exploration of gender role conflict in transfeminine individuals: An IPA study. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 20-26.

Del Pino, H.E. Steers, W.N., Lee, M., McCullen, J., Hays, R.D. Harawa, N.T. (2021). Measuring gender role conflict, internalized stigma, and racial and sexual identity in behaviorally bisexual Black men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, http://link. Springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-021-01925-w# citeas.

Chung-Hee, W. & Seung-Yeon, Y. (2021). The effects of the gender sensitivity, the gender role conflict on nursing professionals in nursing students. The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education, 22, 41-54.

Christensen, M., Purkis, N., Morgan, R., Allen, C. (2021). Does the nursing curriculum influence feelings of gender role conflict in a cohort of nursing degree male students? Br J Nurs. 2021- Sept 23, 30 (17):1024-1030.17.1024.

Green, R. (2021). Maintaining masculinity: Moral positioning when accounting for prostate cancer illness. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Social Study of Health, Illness, and Medicine. 25(4), 399-416.

Loeb, T.B., Jauregui, J.C., Wyatt, G.E., Chin, D., Hamilton, A.B., Zhang, M., Holloway, I. W. & Patron, D.J. (2021). Does gender role conflict moderate the relationships between life time adversity and HIV stigma in a community sample of HIV seropositive Black men. Men and Masculinity, 25,1, 126-147.doi.org/10. 1177/1097184X211017177.

Gilbar, O., Wester, S.R., & Ben-Porat, A. (2021). The effects of gender role conflict restricted emotionality on the association between exposure to trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and intimate partner violence severity. Psychology of Men and Masculinities, 22, 88-100.

Martin-Fernandez, J., Levant, R.F. Wolfe, G. (2021). The fathers’ current expectation about son’s masculinity scale (FCEASMS): Development and validation. Psychology of Men and masculinity, 22, (4), 745-756.

2020

Ramaeker, J., & Petrie, T. A. (2019). “Man up!”: Exploring intersections of sport participation, masculinity, psychological distress, and help-seeking attitudes and intentions. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 20(4), 515–527. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000198

O’Lyn, C.E., O’Connor, TG., Herkova, L., Kellert, P. (2020).  Men’s decision making to become a nurse: Gendered influences and fit with gender role conflict theory. ANS Adv Nurs Science, 20202, Jul/Sept; 43(3):251-265. DOI: 10.1097/ANS. 0000000000000310.

McMahon, Tiernan, J., Moane, G. (2020). Differences in gay and heterosexual emotional restriction through their femininity: An Irish Study, 29, 4, 457-469.

Closson, K., Hatcher, A., Sikweyiya, Y., Washington, L. Mkhwanazi, S., Jewkes, R., Dunkel, K., & Gibbs, A. (2020).Gender role conflict and sexual health and relationship practices amongst young men living in urban informal settlements in South Africa. Culture, Health, and Sexuality. DOI 10, 1080/13691058.2019. 1568578.

Komlenas, N.,  Siller, H., Hochleitner, M., (2020). Austrian male patients’ gender role conflict is associated with their wish for interpersonal violence to be addressed during patient-physician conversations. BMC Public Health, 20, 1305.

Sung,Y. (2020). Korean young adult perceptions of fathers’ gender role conflict, depressive symptoms, and paternal relationship quality: The mediating effects of fathers’ violence. Asia Pacific Journal of Counseling and psychotherapy, 11:1, 76-92.

O’Beaglaoich, C., McCutcheon, J., Conway, P.F., Hanafin, J., & Morrison, T.G. (2020). Adolescent suicide ideation, depression, and self-esteem: Relationship to a new measure of gender role conflict. Front.Psychol. 11:111.doi:10.3389lfpsych.2020. 00111.

 

Dissertations 2020-present

2025

Lewis, C. (2025). Gender role conflict in women. (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana State University) Terre Haute University, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2025 32120996.

2024

Dillon, A. (2024). The impact of gender segregation in Irish schools on male gender role conflict. (Doctoral dissertation, Alliant International University). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 2024 31297092.

Courtney, Adam (2024). The effect of age on male body image when controlling for gender role conflict. Institute of Art, Design + Technology. Thesis. https://hdl.handle.net/10779/iadt.25226474.v1

Gaskin-Cole, Gabriella Jacinta. Examining Gender Role Conflict in Strong Black Women's Romantic Relationships Using a Mixed Methods Approach, dissertation, July 2024; Denton, Texas. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2356141/: accessed February 7, 2025), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .

2023

Williams, C. (2023). Effects of targeted public health messaging toward gay men and their attitudes seeking mental health treatment. (Doctoral dissertation, Geogia Southern University)

Snowden, B. (2023). Gender role conflict experienced by baccalaureate level male nursing students at the University of Southern Mississippi, Honors Theses. 893. http ://aquila.usm. Edu/honors theses/893.

Sasa, R. Gender role conflict, campus climate, and satisfaction among male undergraduate nursing students. CUNY Academic Works. https: //academic works.CUNY edu/gc-etds/5349.

2022

Mills, J.M. (2022). Living in flux: risk, protective factors, and meaning-making in transmasculine experiences of substance use. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.

Angelini-Cooke, E. (2022). The effects of gender role conflict on help seeking attitudes for men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) with painful receptive anal intercourse. (Doctoral dissertation, Widener University) Dissertation Abstracts International, 83,11-12, AA129163451.

Tejrana, A. (2022). Cry like a man – A exploration of restrictive emotionality, stress, and ideas of masculinity among Indian men between the ages of 18-26 years. School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India.

Ponte Rodriguez, L. (2022). Masculine gender role conflict and suicidal ideation among justice involved veterans: A moderation analysis. Texas A & M University https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/197724.

Loya, K. (2022). The influence of mentalization and male gender role conflict on sexual aggression. (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Institute, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, 2023, 29394518.

2021

Pruit. R.L. (2020). The role of male gender role conflict and strain in convicted male sex offenders engagement in mandated psychotherapy, New Mexico State University,  ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 28028447.

Brennan, M. (2021) "I know it's not my fault, but it's my fault": The impact of experiences of sexual victimization on men’s gender role conflict and acceptance of sexual violence myths. University of Kansas ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021. 28000925.

Mitchell, J. (2021). Gender role conflict, masculine body ideals, and male body dissatisfaction: Examining the gender self-socialization development model. (Doctoral dissertation, Auburn University) Dissertation Abstract International. ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, 29288888.

Moreland, A.D. (2021). The relationships of gender role conflict, psychological well-being, help seeking attitudes, and PTSD Symptom severity among male veterans. (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate School), Proquest Dissertations, 2021.2871675.

Booth, N.R. (2021). Traditional masculinity ideology, conformity, gender role conflict, and protective traits: A testable model based on the gender role strain paradigm. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Alabama) Dissertation Abstracts International. 82, (2-B), AA 128027077.

Burroughs, J. (2021). Depression and gender role conflict in midlife men: What can the TAT tell us about their experiences? (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate University).

Marosi, Christopher H (2021). The Development and Validation of the Spectrum Role Conflict Scale- Gender. University of Illinois Chicago. Thesis. https://doi.org/10.25417/uic.17026340.v1.

2020

Tredinnick, L. (2020). Informing sexual assault prevention with student athletes: Measuring bystander intentions and awareness of school policies and resources (Doctoral dissertation, University of Connecticut). Doctoral dissertations. 2451. https://opencommons.uconn.edu.edu/dissertations/2451. 

Shuman, W. A. (2020). How social norms moderate the association between gender role conflict and grief cognition. The University of Memphis, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,  2020. 28025481

McGlenn MP. (2020). The relationship between psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, gender role conflict, and normative male alexithymia in a sample of cisgender males.  Alliant International University. Order No. 1342524.

Afzal, N., Noor, S., Nadeem, R., Azhar, N., Kousar, E. (2020). Relationship between father son attachment and gender role conflict in men. Institute of Professional  Psychology, Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Karachi, India.

Frankovich, A. (2020). Moderating effects of narcissism on the relationship between gender role conflict and violence (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate University), 28256110.

Heyrmen, K.E. (2020). Gender role conflict, emotion regulation, and PTSD symptoms severity in acutely injured trauma survivors. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Theses & Dissertations.2520. https://d.c.uwm.edu/etd/2520.

Marston, P. (2020). The experience of gender role conflict in schools shooters: A qualitative study (2020). Doctoral dissertations, University of Connecticut, 2388. https://opencommons.Uconn.edu/dissertations/2388.