Health Cluster Topics-click the drop down boxes below the figure to view each topic

The figure below shows the clusters of topics related to men’s physical and psychological health and the specific problem areas related to GRC. This file has references on GRC’s relationship to many physical and psychological health problems including medical/nursing issues, sexuality, violence, discrimination, trauma & PTSD, suicide, stigma, substance abuse, and coping. This is not an exhaustive list of health and psychological topics and many sub topics/clusters can be found in previous publications (See O’Neil, 2008, 2013, 2015; O’Neil & Denke, 2016).

Also, this file is useful to professionals concerned about how  societal discrimination and human violence and oppression emanate from patriarchal sexism and GRC.

Studies have documented that GRC is related to gendered and perceived racism, violence against women/men, discrimination, internalized oppression and homonegativity, and   biases against sexual and racial minorities (See O’Neil, 2015; O’Neil & Denke, 2016 and the references on this  web page. This file provides initial evidence that GRC interacts with personal and institutional oppression, social injustice, and men and women’s real pain.

Finally, below the clusters is a video presentation on men’s violence against women titled “Men’s Violence Toward Women: The Epidemic Problem That On One Can Explain” is available for download.  GRC is hypothesized to play a significant role in men’s violence toward women and others.

Health & Medical Issues

Bouroughs, M. & Thompson, J.K. (2014).Correlates of body depilation: An exploratory study into the health implications of body hair reduction and removal among college-aged men. American Journal of Men’s Health, 8, 217-223.

Coleman, A.S. (2015). The role fathers on masculinity and obesity in African American adolescent males (Doctoral dissertation: University of Connecticut doi: https//opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertation/907.

Fahey, J. (2003). Male role issues among hospitalized alcohol abusers: Prediction of addiction severity, readiness to change and intensity of drug-thinking style. (Doctoral dissertation, Temple University) Dissertation Abstracts International, 65, 1544.

Hall, J.A. (2010). An exploratory study of communication, gender- role conflict, and social support of parents of children treated at Children’s hospital. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 28, 511-525.

Jackson, C.D. (2009). Exploration of factors associated with eating disorders in gay men. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa). Dissertation Abstracts International, 69, 7812.

Komlenas, N.,  Siller, H., Hochleitner, M., (2020). Austrian male patients’ gender role conflict is associated with their wish for interpersonal violence to be addressed during patient-physician conversations. BMC Public Health, 20, 1305.

Larma, N.C. (2007). Gender role conflict and depression as predictors of help-seeking in male veterans with erectile dysfunction. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa) Dissertation Abstracts International, 68/01, 3248028.

Levant, R.F., Wimer, D.J., Williams, C.M., Smalley, K.B., Noronha, D. (2009). The relationship between masculinity variables, health risk behaviors and attitudes toward seeking psychological help. International Journal of Men's Health, 8, 3-21.

Mackowiak, C. (2017). Masculinity, physical health, and perceived barriers to help-seeking (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri-Columbia) Dissertation Abstracts International, vol. 78 (1-B) (E).

Mertens, C.E. (2000). Male gender. role conflict in depressed versus nondepressed medical populations. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa). Dissertation Abstract International, 61, 3068

M Nahumck, C. (2016). Gender role conflict as an indicator of low fitness. (Doctoral disseretation, Fuller Theological Seminary. School of psychology. Dissertation Abstracts International, 76 (10-B) (E).

Newman, S., Rocca,  C., Zakaras, J., Ndunyu, L.,  Gitome, S. Bukusi, E. & Dworkin, S. (2018). Men’s gender role conflict and contraceptive use: An examination in Kenya. Contraception, 98, 358. http://doi.org/10.11016/j.contracderption.2018.07.089

Pappadis, M.R. (2014). A mixed method investigation of the impact of neurocognition, gender role conflict, and self-identity on psychological attachment to traumatic brain injury. (Doctoral dissertation- University of Houston) Dissertation Abstracts International

Ringdahl, B.A. (2017). A self-compassion model for understanding the influence of men’s gender role conflict on diabetes self-care in men with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia), Athens, GA

Sanchez, F.J., Bocklandt, s., & Vilain, E. (2013). The relationship between help-seeking attitudes and masculine norms among monozygotic male twins discordant for sexual orientation. Health Psychology, 52-56.

Schoop, L.H., Good, G.E., Barker, K.B., Mazurek, M.O. & Hathaway, S.L. (2006). Masculine role adherence and outcome among men with traumatic brain injury, Brain Injury, 20, 115-162.

Schoop, L.H., Good, G.E., Barker, K.B., Mazurek, M.O. & Stucky, R.C. (2007). Masculine role variables and outcomes among men with spinal cord injury. Disability & Rehabilitation, 29, 625-633.

Scott-Storey, K., O’Donnell, S., Vincent, C.D., Malcolm, J., Wuest, J. (2023). Cumulative lifetime violence, gender role conflict, and cardiovascular disease risk in Eastern Canadian men. American Journal of Men’s Health. 2023, May-June: 17(3): 15579883231176996. Doi:10.1177/155798832311876996.

Tate, N.S. (1998). Social support and depression in male GP surgery attendees: An investigation of the link with gender role conflict. (Doctoral dissertation, Clinical Psychology, University of Newcastle. Upon Tyne, England.

Nursing & Medical Practice

Blackley, L.S. Morda, R., Gill, P.R. (2019). Stressors and rewards experienced by men in nursing : A qualitative  study. Nursing Forum. 2019 Oct; 54 (4): 690-697. Doi 10.111/nuf.12397. Epub, 2019 Oct, 14.

Christensen, M., Purkis, N., Morgan, R., Allen, C. (2021). Does the nursing curriculum influence feelings of gender role conflict in a cohort of nursing degree male students? Br J Nurs. 2021- Sept 23, 30 (17):1024-1030.17.1024.

Chung-Hee, W. & Seung-Yeon, Y. (2021). The effects of the gender sensitivity, the gender role conflict on nursing professionals  in nursing students. The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education, 22, 41-54.bbn

Kellett, P., O’Lynn, C.E. Herakova, L.L. O’Connor,T. (2003). Gender role conflict and male nursing students’  academic and program success. Journal of Nursing education, 62, (1), 42-46.

Komenac, N., Siller, H., Bliem, H.R. & Hochleitner, M. (2018). Association between gender role conflict, sexual dysfunction and male patients’ wishes for physician-patient conversations about sexual health. Psychology of Men and Masculinity http://dx.doi org/10.1037/men0000162.

Komlenac ,  N., & Hochleitner, M. (2019). Male medical students’ gender role conflict is associated with discomfort with dealing with patients’ sexual health issues. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-7.  http://doi.org/10.1080/00224499-2019.

Komlenas, N.,  Siller, H., Hochleitner, M., (2020). Austrian male patients’ gender role conflict is associated with their wish for interpersonal violence to be addressed during patient-physician conversations. BMC Public Health, 20, 1305.

O’Lyn, C.E., O’Connor, TG., Herkova, L., Kellert, P. (2020).  Men’s decision making to become a nurse: Gendered influences and fit with gender role conflict theory. ANS Adv Nurs Science, 20202, Jul/Sept; 43(3):251-265. DOI: 10.1097/ANS. 0000000000000310.

Sasa, R. Gender role conflict, campus climate, and satisfaction among male undergraduate nursing students (2023).  CUNY Academic Works. https: //academic works.CUNY edu/gc-etds/5349.

Cancer

Burns, S.M., & Mahalik, J.R.  (2006). Physical health , self-reliance, and emotional  control as moderators of the relationship between locus of control and mental health among men treated for prostate cancer, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 561-572.

Goodwin, B.C., Nicholas, R., Ireland, M. J., Hyde, M. K., Oliffe. J.L. Dunn, J., Chambers, S. (2019). The role of masculinities in psychological and emotional help seeking by men with prostate cancer. Psycho-Oncology 29: 356-363. Doi 10.1002/pon.5264.

Green, R. (2021). Maintaining masculinity: Moral positioning when accounting for prostate cancer illness. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Social Study of Health, Illness, and Medicine. 25(4), 399-416.

Hoyt, M.A. (2007). Masculinity and cancer: Emotional approach coping processes with men with cancer (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 68/06

Hoyt, M.A. (2009) Gender role conflict and emotional approach coping in men with cancer. Psychology & Health. 24, 981-996.

Lennon, J., Hevey, D., Kinsella, L. (2018). Gender role conflict, emotional approach coping, self-compassion, and distress in prostate cancer patients: A model of direct and moderating effects. Psychooncology, 8, 2009-2015. Doi: 10.1022/pon.4762.

Sawyer, D. (2015). Does chronic stress affect cancer? Socioeconomic status, attachment security, and restrictive emotionality: Dynamics within men affected by prostate cancer. Honor Thesis, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia.

Sexuality

Angelini-Cooke, E. (2022). The effects of gender role conflict on help seeking attitudes for men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) with painful receptive anal intercourse. (Doctoral dissertation, Widener University) Dissertation Abstracts International, 83,11-12, AA129163451.

Berlin, C. (1988). Gender role conflict, future time perspective, and contraceptive behavior among unmarried Black, White and Hispanic adolescent fathers and their nonfather peers. (Doctoral dissertation, New York University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49/10, 2940.

Closson, K., Hatcher, A., Sikweyiya, Y., Washington, L. Mkhwanazi, S., Jewkes, R., Dunkel, K., & Gibbs, A. (2020).Gender role conflict and sexual health and relationship practices amongst young men living in urban informal settlements in South Africa. Culture, Health, and Sexuality. DOI 10, 1080/13691058.2019. 1568578.

Fleming, P., Barrington, C., Powell, W., Gottert, A., Lerebours, L., Donastrog, Y., Brito, M.O. (2016). The association between men’s concerns about demonstrating masculine characteristics and their sexual risk behaviors: Findings from the Dominican Republic. Archives of Sexual Behavior. DIO 10.1007/S 10508-016-0880-6.

Gottert, A., Barrington, C., Pettifor, A., McNaughton-Reyes, Maman, S., MacPhail, C., Kahn, K., Seling, A., Twine, R. & Lippman, S.A. (2016). Measuring men’s gender norms and gender role conflicts/ stress in a high HIV- prevalence South African setting. AIDS Behaviors, 20, 1785-1795.

Gottert, A.,Barrington, C., Luz McNaughton-Reyes, H., Maman, S., MacPhail, C., Lippman, S.A., Kahn, K., Twine, R., Pettifor, A. (2018). Gender norms and gender conflict/stress and HIV risk behaviors among men in Mpumalanga,, South Africa. AIDS Behavior, 22(6): 1858-1869. Doi 10. 1007/s10461-017-1706-9.

Gottert, A.L. (2014). Gender norms, masculine gender role strain and HIV risk behavior among men in rural South Africa. (Doctoral dissertation – University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (Accession Order No.  3632740).

Komenac, N., Siller, H., Bliem, H.R. & Hochleitner, M. (2018). Association between gender role conflict, sexual dysfunction and male patients’ wishes for physician-patient conversations about sexual health. Psychology of Men and Masculinity http://dx.doi org/10.1037/men0000162.

Komlenac ,  N., & Hochleitner, M. (2019). Male medical students’ gender role conflict is associated with discomfort with dealing with patients’ sexual health issues. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-7.  http://doi.org/10.1080/00224499-2019.

Loeb, T.B., Jauregui, J.C., Wyatt, G.E., Chin, D., Hamilton, A.B., Zhang, M., Holloway, I. W. & Patron, D.J. (2021). Does gender role conflict moderate the relationships between life time adversity and HIV stigma in a community sample of HIV seropositive Black men. Men and Masculinity, doi.org/10. 1177/1097184X211017177

Malebranche, D.J., Gvetadze, R., Millett, G.A., Sutton, M.Y. (2011). The relationship between gender role conflict and condom use among black MSM. Aids Behavior, DOI 10.1007/s10461-011-0055-3.

Substance Abuse

Achiro, R. (2014). Modeling psychosocial factors associated with legal appearances and performing–enhancing drug use. (Doctoral dissertation, Alliant International University). Dissertation Abstract International. Proquest Dissertations, 3640248.

Applewhite, S. (2007). The relationship between gender role conflict, substance use, and sexual health behaviors of Black men: An exploratory research study of Black college men (Doctoral dissertation, Howard University) Dissertation Abstract International, 67/09, 3235528

Amato, F. & MacDonald, J. (2011). Examining risk factors for homeless men: Gender role conflict, help seeking, substance abuse, and violence. Journal of Men's Studies, 19,  227-335.

Bauman, W.L. (1998). Gender role conflict, drinking motives, and alcohol consumption in undergraduate males. (Master thesis, Department of Psychology, Washington University). Bellingham, Washington, 98225.

Blazina, C.D. (1997). Masculine gender role conflict: Effects on college men's scores of psychological well-being, chemical substance usage, and attitudes towards help-seeking. (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas). Dissertation Abstracts International, 57/07, 4778.

Berlin, C. (1988). Gender role conflict, future time perspective, and contraceptive behavior among unmarried Black, White and Hispanic adolescent fathers and their nonfather peers. (Doctoral dissertation, New York University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49/10, 2940.

Capraro, R. L. (2000). Why college men drink: Alcohol, adventure, and paradox of masculinity. Journal of American College Health, 48, 307-315.

Carrillo, M. (2015). Gender role conflict and men’s attitudes towards mental health counseling, alcohol use and depression. (Master Thesis, Winona State University), Winona, M.N

Fahey, J. (2003). Male role issues among hospitalized alcohol abusers: Prediction of addiction severity, readiness to change and intensity of drug-thinking style. (Doctoral dissertation, Temple University) Dissertation Abstracts International, 65, 1544.

Generali, M.M. (2002). Gender role conflict and help seeking attitudes among males referred for alcohol abuse treatment: A comparison of self versus mandatory referral. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Connecticut). Dissertation Abstracts International, 63, 1724.

Groeschel, B.L. Wester, S.R., & Sedivy, S.K. (2010). Gender role conflict, alcohol, and help seeking among college men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 11, 123-139.

Hermann, L. K. (2007). A multivariate analysis of masculine gender role strain and its relationship to degrees of substance dependence and degrees of violence in an adult incarcerated population. (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 68/04, 3260872.

Howells, V.A. (2010). Gender role conflict and drive for muscularity: Predictors of problematic drinking behaviors in college aged men. Masters Thesis. Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology,  Washington State University.

Korcuska, J.S. (2000). The relation of gender role conflict to alcohol use and related risk behavior among undergraduate men. (Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 61, 2197.

Korcuska, J.S. & Thombs, D.L. (2003). Gender role conflict and sex-specific drinking norms: Relationship to alcohol use in undergraduate women and men. Journal of College Student Development, 44, 204-216.

Magovcevic, M. & Addis, M.E. (2005). Linking gender role conflict to non normative and self-stigmatizing perceptions of alcohol abuse and depression. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 6, 127-136.

Moore, C.M. (1993). A study of male sex- role attitudes and self-concept differences between alcoholics and non-alcoholics and the effects of a psychoeducation group on these variables and subsequent relapse rates. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas- Austin). Dissertation Abstracts International, 54/04, 2215.

Monk, D. & Ricciardelli, L.A. (2003) Three dimensions of the male gender roles as correlates of alcohol and cannabis involvement in young Austrailian men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 4, 57-69.

Peterson, F. (1999, August). Gender-role conflict as risk factor among male smokers. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association, Boston, MA.

Rivera-Perez, Y.G. (2018).Men’s gender role conflict as a moderator of the relationship between substance use severity and emotional  regulation difficulties (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate University), Dissertation Abstracts International 79, 7-B) (E).

Scott, J. (2018). Gender role conflict, traditional masculinity ideology, and help seeking experiences of substance dependent men: A mixze4d methods model. (Masters thesis, University of Saskatchewan), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5C9.

Serna, G.S. (2003). The confounding role of personality in the relation to gender role conflict and substance abuse and sexual aggression against women. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron. Dissertation Abstract International, 65, 1064.

Uy, P.J., Massoth¸N.E., & Gottdiener, W.H. (2014). Rethinking male drinking: Traditional masculine ideologies, gender role conflict, and drinking motives. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 15, 121-128.

Suicide & Self-Destructiveness

Borthick, M.J. (1997). Gender role conflict and suicidal ideation in an adolescent and young adult population: Age 18-24 year-old. (Doctoral dissertation, Tennessee State University). Dissertation Abstracts International 58, 4437.

Elliott, C.A. (2015). Is a need to be ‘manly’ killing the Scottish man? Examining a link between masculinity and suicide. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Dundee), Dundee, Scotland.

Granato, S.L., Smith, P.N., & Selwyn, C.N. (2015). Acquired capability and masculine gender norms adherence: Predicting pathways to higher rates of male suicide. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 16, 246-53.

Houle, J. (2005). Help seeking, social support, and masculine gender role in men who attempted suicide. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada.

Houle, J., Mishara, B.L., Chagnon, F. (2009). An empirical test of a mediational model of impact of the traditional male gender role on suicidal behavior in men. Journal of Affective Disorders.107, 37-43.

Jacobson, C.M.,  Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Gould, M.S. (2011). Restrictive emotionality, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among high school students. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 40, 656-665.

O’Beaglaoich, C., McCutcheon, J., Conway, P.F., Hanafin, J., & Morrison, T.G. (2020). Adolescent suicide ideation, depression, and self-esteem: Relationship to a new measure of gender role conflict. Front.Psychol. 11:111.doi:10.3389lfpsych.2020. 00111.

O’Brien, S. (2014). Protective factors among non-suicidal young gay males: An exploratory study. (Doctoral dissertation, Alliant International University). Dissertation Abstracts International

Naranjo, S. (2001). The self-destructive man: A study of gender role conflict. (Doctoral Dissertation, Central Michigan University). Dissertation Abstracts International. 62, 1592.

Yang, X. & Xin, M. (2018). “Boy Crises” or Girl Risk”? The  gender differences in non- suicidal self-injurious behavior among middle-school students in China and its relationship to gender role conflict and violent experiences.

Violence

Amato, F. & MacDonald, J. (2011). Examining risk factors for homeless men: Gender role conflict, help seeking, substance abuse, and violence. Journal of Men's Studies, 19,  227-335.

Berke, D.S., Wilson, L., Mouilso, E., Speir, Z., & Zeichner, A. (2015). Isolating the gendered component of men’s physical aggression. Sex Roles, 72, 509-520.

Breiding, M. J. (2003). The role of observed hostility and observed dominance as mediators of husband's gender role conflict and outcome for wives. Doctoral dissertation, University of Notre Dame) Dissertation Abstract International, 64, 63222.

Breiding, M. J. (2004) Observed hostility and observe dominance as mediators of the relationship between husbands’ gender role conflict and wife outcomes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 429-436.

Chase, L. (2000). Gender role conflict and the level of physical violence: A study of physically abusive men (Doctoral dissertation, Catholic University of America) Dissertation Abstracts International, 61, 2465.

Cohn, A. & Zeichner, A. (2006). Effects of masculine identity and gender role stress on aggression in men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 7, 179-190.

Cohn, A.M. Seibert, L.A., Ziechner, A. (2009). The role of restrictive emotionality, trait anger, and masculinity threat in men's perpetration of physical aggression. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 10, 218-224.

Cohn, A.M., Jakupcak, M., Seibert, L.A., Hildebrandt, T.B., & Zeicher, A. (2001). The role of emotion dysregulation in the association between men's restrictive emotionality and use of physical aggression. Psychology of Men and masculinity, 11, 53-64.

Cohn, A.M., Zeichner, A., & Seibert, L.A. (2008). Labile affect as a risk factor for aggressive behavior in men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 9, 29-39.

Covell, A. (1998). Characteristics of college males who are likely to sexually harass women: A test of a mediated model. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 2400.

Dukes, A. E. (2007). Adolescent males: Predicting attitudes towards guns and violence based on perceived gender stereotypes. (Doctoral dissertation, Tennessee State University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 67/11, 3242900.

Frankovich, A. (2020). Moderating effects of narcissism on the relationship between gender role conflict and violence  (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate University), # 28256110.

Gilbar, O., Wester, S.R., & Ben-Porat, A. (2021). The effects of gender role conflict restricted emotionality on the association between exposure to trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and intimate partner violence severity. Psychology of Men and Masculinities, 22, 88-100.

Gray (2015). Perceived gender role conflict and violence: Mexican American gang members. (Doctoral dissertation, Antioch University of Santa Barbara), Retrieved from ProQuest

Harnishfeger, B.R. (1998). The relationship of gender role conflict to male college students' receipt and use of violence in heterosexual dating relationships. (Doctoral dissertation, Western Michigan University). Dissertation Abstracts International. 59/06, 3108.

Hermann, L. K. (2007). A multivariate analysis of masculine gender role strain and its relationship to degrees of substance dependence and degrees of violence in an adult incarcerated population. (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 68/04, 32608

Holmes, S.M. (2016). The effects on self-objectification and gender role conflict in college student. University Honors Program Theses, 159, Georgia Southern University (http://; digit commons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent. Cgi?article=1183+c0ntext=honors-theses.

Jacobs, J.R. (1996). Psychological and demographic correlates of men's perceptions of and attitudes toward sexual harassment. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California), Dissertation Abstracts International, 57/09, 3826.

Jakupcak, M., Lisak, D. Roemer, L. (2002). The role of masculine ideology and masculine gender role stress in men’s perpetration of relationship violence. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 3, 97-106.

Kaplan, R. (1992). Normative masculinity and sexual aggression among college males. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Connecticut). Dissertation Abstracts International, 53/08, 3005.

Loya, K. (2022). The influence of mentalization and male gender role conflict on sexual aggression. (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Institute, Dissertation Abstracts International.  ___________.

Marston, P. (2020). The experience of gender role conflict in schools shooters: A qualitative study (2020). Doctoral dissertations, 2388. https://opencommons.Uconn.edu/dissertations/2388.

McDermott, R.C., Naylor, P.D., McKelvey, D., Kantra, L. (2017). College men’s and women’s masculine gender role strain and dating violence acceptance attitudes: Testing sex as a moderator. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 18, 99-111.

Mendoza, J.P. (2000). Help seeking and gender role socialization in male batterers. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Western Ontario). Dissertation Abstracts International, 39, 1281.

Olsen, S.E. (1997). Gender role conflict and self reported anger. Unpublished master's thesis, Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, S.D. 57069.

Olsen, S.E. (2000). Gender role conflict and anxiety as predictors of anger in men (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Dakota). Dissertation Abstract International. 61, 1647.

Rando, R.A., Rogers, J.R. & Brittan-Powell, C. (1998). Gender role conflict in college men's sexually aggressive attitudes and behavior. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 20, 359-369.

Settle, A.G. (2008). Gender role conflict as a predictor of date rape variables in African American men (Doctoral dissertation, Tennessee State University). Doctoral dissertation International, 70/08, 3369536.

Sherrod, N.B. (2002). A few good men ll: Distinguishing between men with high and low endorsement of rape-supportive attitudes. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri - Columbia). Dissertation Abstracts International, 63, 4235.

Serna, G.S. (2003). The confounding role of personality in the relation to gender role conflict and substance abuse and sexual aggression against women. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron. Dissertation Abstract International, 65, 1064.

Thomson, P. (1995). Men's sexual abuse: Object relations, gender role conflict, and guilt. (Doctoral dissertation, Adelphi University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 56/06, 3467.

Tsai, V. (2010). Male victims of partner abuse: Barriers and facilitators to help-seeking (Doctoral dissertation, University of Houston), Dissertation Abstract International. dissertations and theses data base (UMI No. 342 4291).

Tredinnick, L. (2020). Student-athlete barriers to bystander intentions: Assessing gender role  conflict and opportunities to respond to post-sexual assault. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Connecticut). Hartford, CT. Dissertation Abstract International.

Walls, D.A. (1991). Adolescent sexual offenders: Sex role orientation, attitudes toward women, gender role conflict, and loneliness. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Middle Tennessee State University, Tennessee.

Trauma PTSD

Gilbar, O., Wester, S.R., & Ben-Porat, A. (2021). The effects of gender role conflict restricted emotionality on the association between exposure to trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and intimate partner violence severity. Psychology of Men and Masculinities, 22, 88-100.

Heyrmen, K.E. (2020). Gender role conflict, emotion regulation, and PTSD symptoms severity in acutely injured trauma survivors. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Moreland, A.D. (2021). The relationships of gender role conflict, psychological well-being, help seeking attitudes, and PTSD Symptom severity among male veterans. (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate School),

Pappadis, M.R. (2014). A mixed method investigation of the impact of neurocognition, gender role conflict, and self-identity on psychological attachment to traumatic brain injury. (Doctoral dissertation- University of Houston) Dissertation Abstracts International

Thompson, D.A. (2009). Impact of military experience, psychological distress, gender role conflict, self-concealment and perceived stigma on attitudes toward seeking professional help in veterans. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Memphis) Dissertation Abstracts International, 70, 1960.

Internalized Homophobia, Heterosexism/homonegativity, Anti-Gay

Bryce, D.M. (2012). Predicting men's relationship satisfaction with men through internalized homonegativity and restricted emotionality (Doctoral dissertation, University of La Verne). Dissertation Abstracts International.

Ervin, A.M. (2003). Male gender role conflict and internalized homonegativity: The impact of gay men’s psychological well-being. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Memphis), Dissertation Abstracts International, 65, 3704.

Kassing, L. R. (2003). The relationship between gender role conflict, homophobia, and male rape myths acceptance in adult men (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oklahoma). Dissertation Abstracts International, 64, 1550.

Kassing, L.R., Beesley, D., Frey, L.L. (2005). Gender role conflict, homophobia, age, education, as predictors of male rape myth acceptance. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 27, 311-328.

Levine, A. (2013). The relationship between internalized homophobia and gender roles in gay  men (Master Thesis, Pacific University Retrieved from http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp1452

McDermott, R.C., Schwartz, J.P., Lindely, L.D., Proietti, J.S. (2014). Exploring men’s homophobia: Associations with religious fundamentalism and gender role conflict domains. Psychology of men and Masculinity, 15, 191-200.

Robinson, M.A. & Brewster, M.E. (2014). Motivations for fatherhood: Examining internalized heterosexism and gender role conflict with childless gay and bisexual men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 15, 49-59.

Rounds, D. (1994). Predictors of homosexual intolerance on a college campus: Identity, intimacy, attitudes toward homosexuals and gender role conflict. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut.

Sanchez, F.J. (2005). The relationship between masculine gender role conflict, negative identity, and being out. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa) Dissertation Abstracts International. 66/08, 3118.

Szymanski, D.M. & Carr, E.R. (2008). The role of gender role conflict and internalized heterosexism in gay and bisexual men's psychological distress: Testing two mediational models. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 9, 40-54.

Szymanski, D.M. & Ikizler, A.S. (2013). Internalized heterosexism as a mediator in the relationship between gender role conflict, heterosexist discrimination, and depression among sexual minority men, Psychology of of Men and Masculinity, 14, 211-219. DO:10.1037/a0027787.

Wilkinson, W.W. (2004).Authoritarian hegemony, dimensions of masculinity, and male antigay attitudes. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 5, 121-131.

Zhang, C. (2014) Mediation of internalized homonegativity and moral emotions in Chinese gay men. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongquin, China.

Stigma

Amorella, B. (2016). An investigation of the relationship between gay identity, perceived social support, gender role conflict, and parent intention in childless gay men. (Doctoral dissertation, Seton Hall University), South Orange, N.J.

Cole, B.P. & Ingram, P.B. (2019).  Where do I turn for help? Gender role conflict, self-stigma, and college men’s help of seeking for depression. Psychology of Men and Masculinities, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/men0000245.

Danforth, L. (2016). The effects of gender role conflict stigma, and social support on help seeking in male service providers. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee), Milwaukee, MI. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (Accession Order No. 10153182)

Del Pino, H.E. Steers, W.N., Lee, M., McCullen, J., Hays, R.D. Harawa, N.T. (2021).  Measuring gender  role conflict, internalized stigma, and racial and sexual  identity in behaviorally bisexual Black men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, http://link. Springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-021-01925-w# citeas.

Driver, R. , Cortopassi, A.C., El-Krab, R., Eaton, L.A., Kalichman, S.C. (2022). Examining stigmatizing beliefs about  PREP use Black sexual minority men: A test of  explanatory mechanisms. Psychology of Men and Masculinities. 23, 1, 26-34.

Heath, P. J. Seidman, A. J., Vogel, D.L., Cornish, M.A., Wade, N.G. (2017). Help seeking stigma among men in the military: The interaction of restrictive emotionality and distress. Psychology of men and Masculinity, 18, 193-197.

Joyce, N. (2012). An empirical examination of the influence of personality, gender role conflict, and self stigma on attitudes and intentions to seek online counseling in college students (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Akron, Dissertation Abstracts International,

 

Loeb, T.B., Jauregui, J.C., Wyatt, G.E., Chin, D., Hamilton, A.B., Zhang, M., Holloway, I. W. & Patron, D.J. (2021). Does gender role conflict moderate the relationships between life time adversity and HIV stigma in a community sample of HIV seropositive Black men. Men and Masculinity, doi.org/10. 1177/1097184X211017177

Magovcevic, M. & Addis, M.E. (2005). Linking gender role conflict to non normative and self-stigmatizing perceptions of alcohol abuse and depression. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 6, 127-136.

Nichols, J. (2018). An empirical examination of the influence of personality, gender role conflict, and self-stigma on attitudes and intentions to seek online counseling in college students. (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Akron). Dissertation Abstracts Interna tional, 78, (11-B) (E).

Park, J. (2010). Gender role conflict and willingness to seek counseling in male university students The mediating roles of social stigma and attitudes toward counseling. Department of Education, The Graduate Yon Sei University, Seoule, Korea.

Park, J. & Seok Seo, Y. (2009). Gender role conflict and willingness to seek counseling in male university students: Testing the mediating role of social stigma, self stigma, and attitudes toward seeking counseling. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 21, 25-48.

Sample, C. (2016). Masculine coping: How stigma and gender role conflict influence coping among men. Clinical Research Project, American School of Professional Psychology at Ar gosy University, Southern California, Orange County, CA

Steinfeldt, J.A., Steinfeldt, M.C., England, B., & Speight, Q.L. (2009). Gender role conflict and stigma toward help-seeking among college football players. Psychology of Men and M asculinity, 10, 261-272.

Thompson, D.A. (2009). Impact of military experience, psychological distress, gender role conflict, self-concealment and perceived stigma on attitudes toward seeking professional help in veterans. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Memphis) Dissertation Abstracts International, 70, 1960.

Vogel, D.L., Wester, S.R., Hammer, J.H., & Downing-Matibage, T. (2014. Referring men to seek help: The influence of gender role conflict and stigma. Psycholgy of Men and Masculinity, 15, 60-67, DOI 10:1037/0031761.

Wade, J.C. (1996). African American men's gender role conflict: The significance of racial identity. Sex Roles, 34, 458-464.

Wahto, R. & Swifts, J.K. (2014). Labels, gender role conflict, stigma, and attitudes toward seeking psychological help in men. American Journal of Men’s Health. DOI 1177/1557988314561491.

Gender & Perceived Racism: Discrimination

Arellano- Morales, L. Liang, C.T., Ruiz, L., & Rios-Oropeza, E. (2016). Perceived racism, gender role conflict, and life satisfaction among Latino day laborers. Journal of Latino Psychology, 4, 32-42.

Berke, D.S., Wilson, L., Mouilso, E., Speir, Z., & Zeichner, A. (2015). Isolating the gendered component of men’s physical aggression. Sex Roles, 72, 509-520.

Coleman, A.S. (2015). The role fathers on masculinity and obesity in African American adolescent males (Doctoral dissertation: University of Connecticut doi: https//opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertation/907

Coleman, A., O’Neil, J.M., Ferris, A.M. (2019). The mediation effect between everyday discrimination, gender role conflict, emotional eating, and obesity in African American fathers and sons. Psychology of Men and Masculinities, 20, 182-193.  Http//dxx.doi.org/10.122037/m3n00002012.

Liang, C. T. H., Salcedo, J., Miller, H.A. (2011). Perceived racism, masculinity ideologies,and gender roleconflict among Latino men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 12, 201-215.

Liu, W.M. (2002). Exploring the lives of Asian American men: Racial identity, male role norms, gender role conflict, and prejudicial attitudes. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 3, 107-118.

Mellinger, C. & Levant, R.F. (2014). Moderators of the relationship between masculinity and sexual prejudice in men: Friendship, gender self-esteem, same-sex attractions, and religious fundamentalism. Archive of Sexual Behavior. DOI 10.10071510508-01-0220-Z.

Vinson, C.A. (2011). Influence of ethnic identity and perceived discrimination on male gender role conflicts' impact on well being (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Women University), Dissertation Abstract International, 71-11. Proquest Dissertation and theses data base (UMI no. 3430038).

Wilkinson, W.W. (2004).Authoritarian hegemony, dimensions of masculinity, and male antigay attitudes. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 5, 121-131.

Coping

Adams, D. (2010). The relationships between gender role conflict and attitudes toward help-seeking: What is the role of maladaptive coping?(Master Thesis,  Ball State University).

Batty, Z. (2018). Masculinity and depression: Men's subjective experience of depression, coping, and preferences for therapy types and conditions. (Ph.D. Dissertation) University of Western Sydney, Penrith South D C NSW, 1797, Australia.

Bergen, D.J. (1997). Gender role conflict and coping: A preliminary investigation of college males. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of North Carolina) Dissertation Abstracts International, 57/12-A, 5059

Hoyt, M.A. (2009) Gender role conflict and emotional approach coping in men with cancer. Psychology & Health. 24, 981-996.

Hoyt, M.A. (2007). Masculinity and cancer: Emotional approach coping processes with men with cancer (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 68/06.

Jones, D.A. (1998). Gender role conflict, coping, and psychological distress in gay men. (Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University). Dissertation Abstracts International., 59/08, 4468.

Kosmopoulos, A.D. (2008). Male gender role conflict among gay fathers who are primary caregivers to their young children: An exploratory study. (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology). Dissertation Abstracts International, 69/07, 3322256.

Lancione, A. (2015). The relationships between gender role conflict, coping, burnout among male law enforcement officers (Master thesis, Mount Mary University), Milwaukee, WI.

Sample, C. (2016). Masculine coping: How stigma and gender role conflict influence coping among men. Clinical Research Project, American School of Professional Psychology at Argosy University, Southern California, Orange County, CA

Stanzione, D. (2005). Male gender role strain, coping, and college adjustment. (Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 66/04, 2317.

Wester, S.R., Kuo, B.C., & Vogel, D.L. (2006). Multicultural coping: Chinese Canadian adolescents, male gender role conflict, and psychological distress. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 7, 83-100.

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