Section Menu

Classification of Factors, Variables, Psychological Constructs Used With the Gender Role Conflict Scale: Alphabetical Listing and By Author(s) and Study

This section gives an alphabetical listing of the different independent and dependent variables that men’s gender role conflict has been associated. A quick perusal of these variables provides an excellent overview of the research completed on men’s gender role conflict. Immediately after this listing of the these variables is another alphabetical listing of these variables with the different authors and their studies completed on each variable.

Classification Areas:

Demographic and Classification Variables
Personality Variables
Psychological and Physical Health Variables
Interpersonal Behavior & Attitudes
Relationships and Family Relations
Violence, Abuse, Sexual Aggression, Hostility Toward Women and others
Other Gender Related Concepts
Gender Role Conflict and Feelings About Self
Behaviors and Gender Role Conflict
Therapists’ Gender Role Conflict, the Therapy Process, and Supervision
How Does Gender Role Conflict Affects Others?

Alphabetical Listing by Category

1. Demographic and Classification Variables: Gender Role Conflict

Acculturations
Adolescent Boys
African Self-Consciousness
Age of First Drink
Age, Life Stage, Adult Men
Asian Values
Birth Order
Childhood Trauma Victim
Client Status
Clinical Case Studies
Counseling Intern Status
Couples
Course Selection
Court Refereed Men
Domestic Violence Offenders or Violent Men
Ethnic Identity
Fraternity Men
Gay men
Geographic Location
Grade Point Average
Ideal versus real gender role conflict
Income
Index of Social Position
Individualism & Collectivism
Injured men
Lesbian and gay identity
Male Prisoners or Forensic Patients
Men Attending Mythpoetic or Men’s Weekend
Men in sexual conversion therapy
Nationality or International Studies
Qualititative Studies
Race
- African American
- Asian American
- Hispanic-Latino
- Mixed Races
Racial Identity
Reference Group Identity
Religious Background
Retired Men
School Climate or Setting
Sex Offenders
Sexual Orientation: Gay, Homosexual, Bisexual, Transgendered Men
Social Desirability
Suicidal men
Time Spent Studying
Transgendered people
Veteran Status
Women’s Gender Role Conflict
Women’s Perception of Men’s Gender Role Conflict

2. PERSONALITY VARIABLES AND GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Authoritarianism
Ego Identity
Emotionality-Affect Intensity
Instrumentality – Expressiveness
Narcissism
Personality Functioning
Personality – Five Factor Model
Personality Styles
Subtle Racist & Sexist Attitudes
Universality-Diversity

3. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH VARIABLES AND GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Adolescent Psychological Functioning
Anger
Anxiety
Attitudes About Professional and Psychological Help Seeking
Barriers to help Seeking
Defenses
Depression
Disability
Life Satisfaction
Normal Personality
Physical Complaints and Somatization of Depression
Psychological Well Being
Self Regulation of emotion (Repression)
Shame & Guilt

4. INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR & ATTITUDES: GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Controlling Behavior
Homophobia
Internalized Homonegativity
Interpersonal Competence
Intimacy
Male Friendship
Outness or Disclosure About Sexual Orientation
Positive Relations With Others
Psycholgical Reactance
Relationship Beliefs
Self Disclosure
Self Reported Interpersonal Behavior & Transactions
Shyness
Social Support
Social Inclusion

5. RELATIONSHIPS & FAMILY RELATIONS: GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Attachment
Criticism Between Spouses
Family Cohesion, Family Roles, Family Dynamics/Cohesion
Fathering
Hostility
Parental Acceptance-Rejection
Parental Performance
Parent-Child Relationship
Psychological Separation/Individuation
Relationships or Marital Satisfaction

6. VIOLENCE, ABUSE, SEXUAL AGGRESSION, HOSTILITY TOWARD WOMEN AND OTHERS: GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Entitlement
Child Abuse or Risk, Sex Offender
Sexual Aggression, Violence, Hostility Toward Women, Rape Myths, & Sexual
Harassment
Psychological Violence
Hostility Toward Women
Attitudes Towards Gays
Negative Attitudes Toward African Americans

7. OTHER GENDER RELATED CONCEPTS AND GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Attitudes Toward Family Leave
Attitudes Toward Women
Conformity to Masculine Norms
Drive for Muscularity
Emotional Stereotyping
Feminist Attitude
Gender Role Journey Phases
Hypermasculinity
Machismo
Male Role Norms & Masculine Ideology
Masculine Gender Role Stress
Perceptions of Korean Male Gender Role
Sex Role Equalitariansim
Sex Role Stereotyping
Sexist Attitudes
Traditional Male Role

8. GENDER ROLE CONFLICT AND FEELINGS ABOUT SELF

Body Image
Muscle Dysmorphia
Chronic Self Destructiveness
General Well Being
Generalized Self-Efficacy
Hardiness
Ideal versus Real Gender Role Conflict
Loneliness
Perceived Physical Attractiveness
Physical Self Esteem
Positive-Negative Affect
Self Esteem

9. BEHAVIORS AND GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Addiction Severity
Alexithymia
Cannabis Use
Career Choice Traditionality
Career Decision Uncertainty
Changing Gender Role Conflict
Contraceptive Behavior
Coping
Drinking Behaviors Motives, Norms, Problems, Intensity
Emotional Intelligence
Health Risk
Health Locus of Control
HIV Risk
Hopelessness
Independence
Problem Solving
Religious Orientation
Sense of Mastery
Sexual Behavior
Smoking Behavior
Spiritual Well Being
Student Adaptation
Substance Abuse
Suicidal Probability Behavior
Thinking Styles About Drinking and Drug Use
Vocational Interests

10. THERAPISTS’ GENDER ROLE CONFLICT, THE THERAPY PROCESS, SUPERVISION

Acceptance of Non Traditional or Traditional Male Clients
Attitudes Toward Career Counseling
Attitudes Toward Online Counseling
Career Decision Making
Characteristics of a Therapist
Counselor Rating
Counseling Approach
Counseling Attitudes and Demographics
Counseling Self Efficacy
Dreams
Effects of Treatment Option or Brochures
Expectation of Counseling
Job Satisfaction
Occupational Prestige & Aspiration
Person – Job Fit
Prospective Client Evaluations of Problem Type and Emotional Content
Retirement Satisfaction
Satisfaction With Therapy
Styles of Counseling or Career Counseling
Success (Appropriate & Inappropriate)
Supervisory Working Alliance
Therapist’s Theoretical Orientation
Therapist’s Attitudes Toward Client Psychopathology, Sexual Orientation & Emotional Expression
Therapy Experience
Treatment Fearfulness About Psychotherapy

11. HOW DOES GENDER ROLE CONFLICT AFFECTS OTHERS?

Women’s Perception of Men’s GRC
Women’s Psychological Health
Women’s Self Esteem

Listings by Author(s) and Study

This section gives an alphabetical listing of the different variables that men’s gender role conflict has been associated and a listing of the authors and studies for each variable. These references can be found by perusing the earlier sections of the web page related to published papers, dissertations, and convention papers. This section can be useful for researchers wanting to locate the studies and knowledge related to demographic and psychological constructs related to men’s gender role conflict.

1. DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLASSIFICATION VARIABLES: GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Age, Life Stage, Adult Men

Sharpe & Heppner, 1995;
Mendelson, 1988; Cournoyer, 1994;
Cournoyer & Mahalik, 1995;
Stillson et al., 1991; Addelston, 1995, 1996;
Theodore, 1997;
Pytluk & Casas, 1998;
Senn, Desmarais, Verberg, Wood, 2000;
Napolitano, Mahalik, Kenny, 1999;
Gough, 1999; Burke, 2000; Tate, 1998
Mahalik et al., 2001
Cortese, 2003
Graham, 2004
Graham & Romans, 2003
Kassing, 2003
Drost, 2005
Hill & Donatell, 2005

Accultration

Kim (1990)
Kim, O’Neil, Owen, 1996
Fragoso, 1996; Fragoso & Kashubeck, 2000
Schwartz et al, 1998
Leka, 1998
Laurent, 1997
Pytluk & Casas, 1998
Torres, Solberg, Carlstrom, 1999
Lily, 1999
Vu, 2000
Silva, 2002
School Climate or Setting
Addelston, 1995, 1996

RACE

African American:

Laurent, 1997
Wade, 1996
Brewer, 1998
Lily, 1999
Ervin & Lease, 2002
White, 2002
Carter, Williams, Juby, Buckley, 2005
Robinson, 2006
Philippa, 2007
Carrington, 2004
Settle, 2006
Applewhite, 2006
Wester, Vogel, Wei, & McLain, 2006

Asian American:

Kim, 1990
Kim et al., 1996
Liu, 2000, 2002
Vu, 2000; Shek, 2005
Liu & Iwamoto, 2006

Hispanic-Latino

Torres Rivera, 1995
Fragosa, 1996
Fragosa & Kashubeck, 2000
Leka, 1998
Schwartz et al., 1998
Torres, Solberg, Carlstrom, 1999, 2002
Silva, 2002
Carter, Williams, Juby, & Buckley, 2005

Mixed Races

Berlin, 1988
Pytluk & Casas, 1998
Stillson, 1988
Stillson, O’Neil, & Owen, 1991

Nationality, International Studies & Ethnic Background
Canada:
Arnold & Chartier, 1978
Chartier & Arnold, 1985
Nahon, 1993
Senn, Desmarais, Verberg, & Wood, 2000
James, 2006
Wester, Kuo, & Vogel, 2006
Houle, 2005
McCreary, Saucier, & Courtenay, 2005
Mendoza & Cummings, 2001

Indonesia:
Horhoruw, 1991
Nauly, 2002

Australia:
Theordore, 1998, 1999
McAnulty, 1998
Harris, 1997
Gough, 1999
Monk & Ricciardelli, 2003
Wall & Walker, 2002
Jurkovic & walker, 2006
Heath, 2005
McConville, 2004
Theodore & Lloyd, 2000

Korea:
Jo, 2000
Kang, 2001
Kim Hwang, Ryu, 2003
Kim, Choi, Ha, & O’Neil, 2006
Kim Hwang, & Choi, 2005
Choi, Kim, & Kim, 2005

Germany:
Gulder, 1999

Russia:
O’Neil et al., 1994

Japan:
Hayashi, 1999

Ireland:
Birthistle, 1999

Columbia:
Gomez Ortiz, 2000

Taiwan:
Tsai, 2000

Malta:
Cashia, 2001

Portugual:
Faria, 2002

Costa Rico:
Lane & Addis, 2003

Puerto Rico:
Torres Rivera, 1995

Hungary: Lukacs,
Tury, Muranyi, 2004

Phillipines:
Agoncillo, Del Rosario, & Nomil, 2004

Sweden:
Bjerke & Skyllingstad, 2002

Great Britain:
Ross, 2004; Tate, 1998

Qualititative Studies

Davis, 2002
Gale, 1999
Robinson, 2006
Yeh, 2005
Drost, 2005
Watts & Borders, 2005

Reference Group Identity
Wade, 1998
Wade & Gelso, 1998
Mendosa, 2000
Fahey, 2003
Karten, 2005
Counselors, Psychologist or Counseling Intern Status
Wester, 2001
Wester, Vogel, & Archer, 2004
Mobley, 2005
Keller, 2006

Individualism & Collectivism
Silva, 2002

Client Status
Hayes & Mahalik, 1998, 2000
Mertens, 2000, 2001
Coonerty-Femiano, et al., 2001
Good et al., 1996
Burke, 2000
Cusak, Deane, Wilson, & Ciarrochi, 2006
Van Delft, 1998
Noyes, 2004

Clinical Case Studies
Blazina, 2004
O’Neil, 2006
O’Neil & Fishman, 1992

Sexual Orientation: Gay, Homosexual, Bisexual, Transgendered Men
Pytluk & Casas, 1998;
Simonsen, Blazina, Watkins, 2000
Jones, 1999
Van Hyfte & Rabinowitz, 2001
Naranjo, 2001
Shepard, 2001
Ervin, 2003
Sanchez, 2006
Wester et al., 2006
Hernandez, Sanchez, & Liu, 2006
Wester et al., 2005

Domestic Violence Offenders or Violent Men
Schwartz et al, 1998
McMahon et al, 1999
Naranjo, 2001
Mendoza, 2000
Wall & Walker, 2002

Income
Pytluk & Casas, 1998

African Self-Consciousness
Laurent, 1997

Racial Identity
Wade, 1996
Liu, 2002
White, 2002
Wester, Vogel, Wei, & McLain, 2006
Carrington, 2004
Philippa, 2007
Shek, 2005
Carter et al., 2005
Laurent, 1998
Lily, 1999

Ethnic Identity
Silva
Torres Rivera

Lesbian and Gay Identity
Sanchez, 2006
Asian Values
Liu & Iwamoto, 2006

Social Desirability
Newman, 1997
Senn et al, 2000
Jo, 2000
Kang, 2001
Sanchez, 2006
Lindley & Schwartz, 2006
Wong, Pituch, & Rochlen, 2006

Sex Offenders
Todryk, 1999
Gullickson, 1993

Court Referred Men
Schwartz, Waldo, & Daniel, 2005

Male Prisoners or Forensic Patients
Amato, 2005
Johnson, 2005

Childhood Trauma Victim
McMahon et al, 1999
Todryk, 1999
Gullickson, 1993
Coonerty-Femiano et al., 2001

Religious Background
Lagan & Mahalik, 1999

Veteran Status
Peterson, 1999

Index of Social Position
Brewer, 1998

Age of First Drink
Korcuska, 2000

Time Spent Studying
Korcuska, 2000

Grade Point Average
Korcuska, 2000

Course Selection
Martin, 1997

Men Attending Mythpoetic or Men’s Weekend
Burke, 2000
Alexander, 1999

Geographic Location
Gough, 1999

Fraternity Men
Braverman, 1990
Van Hyfte & Rabinowitz, 2001

Gay Men
Jones, 1998
Simonsen, Blazina, & Watkins, 2000
Van Hyfte, & Rabinowitz, 2001
Naranjo, 2001
Ervin, 2003
Shepard, 2001
Sanchez, 2006
Hernandez, Sanchez, & Liu, 2006
Wester, Pionke, & Vogel, 2005

Transgendered People
Wester, McDonough, Vogel, White, & Taylor, 2006

Retired Men
Lontz, 2000
Graham, 2003

Adolescent Boys
Blazina, Soublis, & Cordova, 2002
Pisecco, 2002
Cadenhead & Huzirec , 2002
Blazina, Pisecco, & O’Neil, 2005
Blazina, Cordova, Pisecco, & Settle, in press
Soublis, 2003
Watts & Borders, 2005
Wester, Kuo, & Vogel, 2006

Injured Men
Good et al., 2006

Men in Sexual Conversion Therapy
Karten, 2005

Birth Order
Gobe, 2006

Women’s Gender Role Conflict
Zamarripa, Wampold, & Gregory, 2003
Newman, 1997
Borthick, Knox, Taylor, & Dietrich, 1997
Borthick, 1997
Celentana, 2000
Eicken & Boswell, 2002
Eicken et al., 2002
Breiding & Smith, 2002
Silva, 2002
Breiding, 2003

Suicidal men
Houle, 2005

Couples
Celentana, 2000
Breiding & Smith, 2002
Breiding, 2004
Breiding, 2003

Women’s Perception of Men’s Gender Role Conflict
Rochlen & Mahalik, 2003

Ideal versus Real Gender Role Conflict
Liu, Rochlen, & Mohr, 2005
2. PERSONALITY VARIABLES AND GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Instrumentality – Expressiveness
O’Neil et al., 1986
Stillson, 1988
Stillson et al., 1991
Sharpe, 1993
Sharpe, Heppner, & Dixon, 1995
Chartier & Arnold, 1985
Hayes, 1984
Berko, 1994
Newman, 1997
Rounds, 1994
Borthick, Knox, Taylor, Dietrich, 1997
Jo, 2000
Harris, 1997
Peterson, 1999
Torres, Solberg, Carlstrom, 1999
Gulder, 1999
Tokar, et al., 2000
Bruch, 2002
Faria, 2000
Naranjo, 2001
Patton, 2002
Kim et al., 2003
Kratzner, 2003
Philippa, 2007
Kim et al., 2006
Laurent & Pietromonaco, 2006
McCreary, Saucien, & Courtenay, 2005
Kim, Hwang, & Choic, 2005
Kim, Hwang, Ryu, 2003
Kim, Choi, Ha, O’Neil, 2006
Heath, 2005

Ego Identity
Chartier & Arnold, 1985
Arnold, 1983
Rounds, 1994
Wade, 1999
Wade & Gelso, 1998

Authoritarianism
Chamberlain, 1993

Subtle Racist & Sexist Attitudes
Liu, 2002

Personality – Five factor Model
Fisher, 2007
Sipes, 2005
Serna, 2004

Personality Styles
Schwartz, et al., 2002
Cortese, 2003

Emotionality-Affect Intensity
Jo, 2000

Personality Functioning
McMahon, Winkel, Luthar, 2000
Tokar et al., 2000
Kratzner, 2003

Narcissism
Selby, 1999

Universality-Diversity
Eicken & Boswell, 2002

3. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH VARIABLES AND GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Depression
Wade, 1996
Sharpe Heppner, 1991
Good & Mintz, 1991
Sharpe, 1993
Sharpe,Heppner, Dixon, 1995
Cournoyer, 1993
Cournoyer & Mahalik, 1995
Good, DeBord, Fischer, 1995
Shepard, 1994
Good & Wood, 1995
Blazina & Watkins, 1996
Fragoso, 1996
Fragoso & Kashubeck, 2000
Newman, 1997; Theodore, 1997
Maton et al, 1998;
Jo, 2000
Mahalik & Cournoyer, 2000
Simonsen, Blazina, & Watkins, 2000
Peterson, 1999
Hayashi, 1999
Wade & Gelso, 1998
Dillon & Good, 1999
Jones, 1998,1999
Burseley, 1996
Gomez Ortiz, 2000
Burke, 2000, Tate, 1998
Brewer, 1998
Mertens, 2000, 2001
Coonerty-Femiano et al., 2001
Shepard, 2002; Kang, 2002
Celentana, 2000
Kelly, 2000
Breiding & Smith, 2002
Vu, 2000; Selby, 1999
Shepard, 2001
Zamarippa, Wampold, & Gregory, 2003
Liu, Rochlen, & Mohr, 2003
Magovcevic & Addis, 2003
Thomson, 2005
Heath, 2005
Stevens & Blazina, 2006

Anxiety
Wade, 1996
Blazina & Watkins, 1996
Sharpe & Heppner, 1991
Cournoyer, 1993
Cournoyer & Mahalik, 1995
Davis, 1987
Good, DeBord,
Fischer, Heppner, 1995, Sharpe, Heppner, & Dixon, 1995
Theodore, 1997
Maton et al,1998
Jo, 2000
Simonsen, Blazina, & Watkins, 2000
Hayashi, 1999
Wade & Gelso, 1998
Jones, 1998, 1999
Burseley, 1996
Burke, 2000
Coonerty-Femiano et al., 2001
Celentana, 2000; Heath, 2005

Interpersonal Problems, Distress, Strain, and Stress
Sharpe, 1993
Blazina & Watkins, 1996
Hetzel, Davenport & Brooks,1998
Hayes & Mahalik, 1998, 2000
Theodore, 1997
Leka, 1998, Harris, 1997
Peterson, 1999
Dillon & Good, 1999
Burseley, 1996
Fragoso, 1996
Fragoso & Kashubeck, 2000
Tokar et al., 2000
Mertons, 2000, 2001
Kang, 2001
Selby, 1999
Shepard, 2001
Zamarippa, Wampold, & Gregory, 2003
Liu, Rochlen, & Mohr, 2003
Kratzner, 2003
Wong, Pituch, & Rochlen, 2006
Heath, 2005

Physical Complaints and Somatization of Depression
Shepard, 1994
Liu, Rochlen, & Mohr, 2003

Shame & Guilt
Durham Thompkins, & Rando, 1998, 2000, 2003
McMahon et al., 1999
Segalla, 1995
Vu, 2000
Thomson, 2005

Attitudes About Professional and Psychological Help Seeking
Blazina & Watkins, 1996
Good, 1987
Good, Dell, & Mintz, 1989
Robertson & Fitzgerald, 1992
Wisch, Mahalik, Hayes, & Nutt, 1995
Good & Wood, 1995
Segalla, 1995
Simonsen, Blazina, & Watkins, 2000
Burseley, 1996
Tsai, 2000
Tokar et al., 2000
Englar-Carlson, 2001
Mendoza, 2000
Hurst, 1997
Rochlen, Land, & Wong, 2003
Lane & Addis, 2003
White, 2002
Shepard, 2001
Cortese, 2003
Berger, 2002
Marks & Blazina, 2001
Cusak, Deane, Wilson, Ciarrochi, 2006
Good et al., 2006
Rochlen, McKelley, Pituch, 2006
Osborne, 2004
James, 2006
Philippa, 2007
Carrington, 2004
Mansfield & Addis, 2005

Barriers to Help Seeking
Mansfield & Addis, 2005

Life Satisfaction
Theodore, 1997; Good et al., 2006

Normal Personality
Tokar, Fischer, & Schaub, 1998
Tokar et al., 2000

Defenses
Mahalik et al, 1998

Sex Guilt
Thomson, 1995

Self Regulation of Emotion (Repression)
Wong, Pituch, & Rochklen, 2006

Anger
Simonsen, Blazina, & Watkins, 2000
Olsen, 1993
Selby, 1999
Shepard, 2001

Schwartz et al., 2004

Disability
Coonerty-Femiano, et al., 2001
Good et al., 2006

Adolescent Psychological Functioning
Blazina, Soublis & Cordova, 2002
Pisecco, 2002
Cadenhead & Huzirec, 2002
Blazina, Pisecco, & O’Neil, 2005
Soublis, 2003

Psychological Well Being
Gough, 1999
Ervin, 2003
Sharpe & Heppner, 1991
Sharpe, Heppner, & Dixon, 1995

4. INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR & ATTITUDES: GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Intimacy
Good, Robertson, et al., 1995
Sharpe & Heppner, 1991
Sharpe, 1993
Sharpe, Heppner, & Dixon, 1995
Cournoyer, 1993
Cournoyer & Mahalik, 1995
Arnold, 1983
Chartier & Arnold, 1985
Fischer & Good, 1985
Sileo, 1995; Theodore, 1997
Rounds,1994
Van Hyfte, 1999
McAnulty, 1996
Dillon & Good, 1999
Harris, 1997
Rabinowitz, 2001
Mahalik et al., 2001
Celentana, 2000
Thomson, 2005
Lindley & Schwartz, 2006

Relationship Belief
Wood, 2004
Thomas, 2005

Self Disclosure
Berko, 1994
Swenson, 1998
Bruch, 2002

Shyness
Berko, 1994
Bruch, Berko, & Haase, 1996
Bruch, 2002

Social Support
Good, DeBord, Fischer, & Heppner, 1995
Hetzel, Davenport, & Brooks, 1998
Tate, 1998
Hanson, 2003
Osborne, 2004
Social Inclusion
Stevens & Blazina, 2006

Psychological Reactance
Thomas, 2005

Male Friendship
Horhorow, 1991
Sileo, 1995
Buckner, 1999

Outness or Disclosure About Sexual Orientation
Sanchez, 2006

Self Reported Interpersonal Behavior & Transactions
Mahalik, 1996, 2000

Positive Relations With Others
Wong, 2006

Interpersonal Competence or Problems
Bruch, Berko, Haase, 1996; Sanchez, 2006; Sipes; James, 2006

Controlling Behavior
Schwartz, Waldo, & Daniel, 2005

Homophobia
Jome & Tokar, 1997
Rounds, 1994
Walker, Tokar, & Fischer, 1998
Van Hyfte, 1999
Tokar & Jome, 1998
Kassing, 2003
Lindley & Schwartz, 2006
Kassing, Beesley, & Frey, 2005

Internalized Homonegativity
Ervin, 2003

Interpersonal Power
Blazina & Marks, 2001

5. RELATIONSHIPS & FAMILY RELATIONS: GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Relationships or Marital Satisfaction
Sharpe & Heppner, 1991
Campbell & Snow, 1992
Sharpe, 1993
Sharpe & Heppner, 1995
Cournoyer, 1993
Cournoyer & Mahalik, 1995
Alexander, 1999
Brewer, 1998
Marroncco, 2001
Breiding & Smith, 2002
Graham & Romans, 2003
Graham, 2004
Laurent & Pietromonaco, 2006
Wester, Pionke, & Vogel, 2005
Kim, Hwang, Choi, 2005
Schwartz, Waldo, & Higgins, 2004

Criticism Between Spouses
Breiding, 2003

Family Cohesion, Family Roles, Family Dynamics/Cohesion
Campbell & Snow, 1992
Mintz & Mahalik, 1996
Scott, 2001
Breiding & Smith, 2002
Breiding, 2003

Parental Acceptance-Rejection
Rando, Fangman, Olsen-Rando, 1996
Gullickson, 1993
McMahon et al. 1999

Parent-Child Relationship
Swenson, 1998
Fischer & Good, 1998
Gullickson, 1993
DeFranc & Mahalik, 1999, 2002
Todryk, 1999
Scott, 2001
Marrocco, 2001
Patton, 2002

Peers
Beatty, Syzdek, & Bakkum, 2006

Attachment
Covell, 1998
Fischer & Good, 1998
DeFranc & Mahalik, 1999, 2002
Napolitano, Mahalik, & Kenny, 1999
Blazina & Watkins, 2000
Cashia, 2001
Schwartz, 2001
Selby, 1999
Fischer, 2007
James, 2006;
Karten, 2005
Laurent & Pietromonaco, 2006

Fathering
McAnulty, 1998
McMahon, et al., 1999
Alexander, 1999
Marrocco, 2001
Patton, 2002
Elder, 2004

Psychological Separation/Individuation
Defranc & Mahalik, 1999
Blazina & Watkins, 2000

Parental Performance
Alexander, 1999
Marrocco, 2001

Hostility
Gomez Ortiz, 2000

6. VIOLENCE, ABUSE, SEXUAL AGGRESSION, HOSTILITY TOWARD WOMEN AND OTHERS: GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Child Abuse or Risk, Sex Offender
McMahon et al., 1999
Todryk, 1999
Gullickson, 1993

Sexual Aggression, Violence, Hostility Toward Women, Rape Myths, & Sexual Harrassment
Jacobs, 1996
Kaplan, 1992
Kaplan, O’Neil, Owen, 1993
Chartier et al., 1986
Rando, McBee, Brittan, Olsen-Rando, Winsted, 1995
Rando, Brittan, Pannu, 1994
Gullickson, 1993
Floyd, Van Dillen, & Kilmartin, 1994
Covell, 1998
Harnishfeger, 1998
Senn et al, 1998
Scwartz et al, 1998
Rando, Rogers, & Brittan-Powell, 1998
Senn, Desmarais, Verberg, Wood, 2000
Jakupcak, Lisak, Roemer, 2002
Davis, 1997
Kearney, Rochlen, & King, 2004
Wall & Walker, 2002, Kassing, 2003
Serna, 2004
settle, 2006
Davis & Liddell, 2002
Glomb & Espelage, 2005
Cohn & Zeichner, 2006
Johnson, 2005
Schwartz, Waldo, & Daniel, 2005

Psychological Violence
O’Neil, Owen, Holmes,Dologopolov & Slastenin, 1993

Hostility Toward Women
Chartier, Graff, & Arnold, 1986
Kaplan, 1992
Kaplan, O’Neil, Owen,1993
Sharpe, 1993
Sharpe, Heppner, Dixon,1995
Senn, Desmarais, Verberg, Wood, 2000

Entitlement
Schwartz, Tylka, & Hood, 2005
Schwartz et al., 2004
Russell, Schwartz, 2004
Schwartz & Tylka, 2006

Negative Attitudes Toward African Americans
Robinson & Schwartz, 2004
Schwartz, Tylka, & Hood, 2005

Negative Attitudes Gays and Homophobia
Kassing, 2003
Jome & Tokar, 1997
Rounds, 1994
Walker, Tokar, & Fischer, 1998
Van Hyfte, 1999
Tokar & Jome, 1998
Kassing, 2003
Schwartz, Tylka, & Hood, 2005
Lindley & Schwartz, 2006

7. OTHER GENDER RELATED CONCEPTS AND GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Drive for Muscularity
McCreary, Saucien, & Courtenay, 2005
McConville, 2004

Sex Role Stereotyping
Rando, McBee, Brittan, Olsen-Rando, Winsted, 1995;
Rando, Brittan, Pannu, 1994

Traditional Male Role
Good, Robertson, et al., 1996
Gulder, 1999
Murphy, 2001

Attitudes Toward Women
Addelston, 1996
Jacobs, 1996
Davis, 1997
Wood, 2004
Nabavi, 2004
Davis & Liddell, 2002
Robinson & Schwartz, 2004

Masculine Gender Role Stress
Fischer & Good, 1995, 1998
Hetzel, Davenport, & Brooks, 1998
Tokar, Fischer, & Schaub, 1998
Walker, Tokar, & Fischer, 1998, 2000
Lagan & Mahalik, 1999;
Mahalik & DeFranc, 1999
Dillon & Good, 1999
Segalla, 1995
Tokar et al., 2000
Jakupcak, Lisak, & Roemer, 2002
Englar-Carlson & Vandiver, 2002
Kim et al., 2003
Kim, Hwang, Ryu, 2003
Fischer, 2007
Stanzione, 2005
Jurkovic & Walker, 2006

Sex Role Equalitariansim
Dunn, 1998
Walker, Tokar, & Fischer, 1998, 2000
Tokar, Fischer, & Schaub, 1998
Englar-Carlson & Vandiver, 2001, 2002

Male Role Norms & Masculine Ideology
Bruch, Berko, Haase, 1996
Jome & Tokar, 1997
Walker, Tokar, & Fischer, 1998, 2000
Levant & Fischer, 1995
Gottfried, 1998
McAnulty, 1998
Tokar & Jome, 1998
Cernich, Massoth, et al., 1999
Napolitano, Mahalik, & Kenny, 1999
Hayashi, 1999
Gough, 1999
Martin, 1997
Alexander, 2000
Brewer, 1998
Bruch, 2002
Naranjo, 2001
Lontz, 2000
Gale, 1999
Jakupcak, Lisak, Roemer, 2002
Liu, 2002
Soublis, 2003
Berger, 2002
McCreary, & Courtenay, 2003
Sanchez, 2006
Sipes, 2004
Keller, 2006
Watts & Borders, 2005
Nabavi, 2004
Blazina et al., 2005

Machismo
Fragoso, 1996; Fragoso & Kashubeck, 2000
Walker, Tokar, & Fischer, 1998
Leka, 1998
Torres, Solberg, & Carlstrom, 1999

Hypermasculinity
Wall & Walker, 2002

Conformity to Masculine Norms
Mahalik et al., 2003
Scott, 2002
Good et al;., 2006
Cohn & Zeichner, 2006

Emotional Stereotyping
Heesacker et al., 1999

Sexist Attitudes
Covell, 1998

Feminist Attitude
Walker, Tokar, & Fischer, 1998, 2000

Gender Role Journey Phases
Todryk, 1999
Schwartz et al., 2004

Perceptions of Korean Male Gender Role
Jo, 2000

Attitudes Toward Family Leave
Galasso, 2002

8. GENDER ROLE CONFLICT AND FEELINGS ABOUT SELF

Self Esteem
Sharpe & Heppner, 1991
Sharpe, 1993
Sharpe, Heppner, & Dixon, 1995
Cournoyer,1993
Cournoyer & Mahalik, 1995
Addelston, 1996
Wade, 1996
Jacobs, 1996
Swenson, 1998
Laurent, 1997
Theodore, 1997
Maton et al, 1998
Schwartz et al,1998
Jo, 1998
Hayashi, 1999
Wade & Gelso, 1998
Burseley, 1996
Gomez Ortiz, 2000
Mahalik et al., 2001
Celentana, 2000
Vu, 2000
Shepard, 2001
Liu, Rochlen & Mohr, 2003
Liu & Iwamoto, 2006
Shek, 2005
Applewhite, 2006
Kim et al., 2006
Ross, 2004
Schwartz, Waldo, & Daniel, 2005

Physical Self Esteem
Berko, 1996

Positive-Negative Affect
Rochlen, Blazina, & Rajhunathan, 2001
Breiding & Smith, 2002
Blazina & Marks, 2001
Glomb & Espelage, 2005

Chronic Self Destructiveness
Naranjo, 2001

Perceived Physical Attractiveness
Bruch, Berko, Haase, 1996

General Well Being
Gough, 1999
Mobley, 2005

Body Image
Schwartz, Higgins, & He, 2003
McConville, 2004
Schwartz & Tylka, 2006

Loneliness
Houle, 2005

Muscle Dysmorphia
Lukacs, Tury, Muranyi, 2004

Hardiness
Weissman, 2003

Generalized Self-Efficacy
Graham & Romans, 2003
Graham, 2004

Ideal versus Real Gender Role Conflict
Liu, Rochlen, Mohr, 2003

9. BEHAVIORS AND GENDER ROLE CONFLICT

Problem Solving
Chamberlin, 1993
Good, DeBord, Fischer, & Heppner, 1995

Independence
Good et al., 2006

HIV Risk
Applewhite, 2006

Sexual Behavior
Applewhite, 2006

Substance Abuse
Applewhite, 2006

Contraceptive Behavior
Berlin, 1989

Drinking Behaviors Motives, Norms, Problems, Intensity
Bauman, 1998
Blazina & Watkins, 1996
Korcuska, 2000, 2003
Kang, 2001
Monk & Ricciardelli, 2003
Magovcevic & Addis, 2003
Serna, 2004

Cannabis Use
Monk & Ricciardelli, 2003

Thinking Styles About Drinking and Drug Use
Fahey, 2003

Addiction Severity
Fahey, 2003

Suicidal Probability Behavior
Borthick et al, 1997
Houle, 2005

Sense of Mastery
Maton et al, 1998

Changing Gender Role Conflict
Nahon, 1993
Harris, 1991
Harris-Brooks, Heesacker, & Mejia-Millan, 1996
Moore, 1993
Maton et al, 1998
McAnulty, 1996
Davis & Liddell, 2002
Kearney et al., 2004
Schwartz et al., 2004
Schwartz & Waldo, 2003
Gertner, 1994

Hopelessness
Birthistle, 1999
Brewer, 1998
Kelly, 2000

Coping
Bergen, 1996
Jones, 1998, 1999
Birthistle, 1999
Strom, 2004
Stanzione, 2005
Wester, Kuo, & Vogel, 2006

Smoking Behavior
Peterson, 1999
Kang, 2001

Alexithymia
Fischer & Good, 1995
Hayashi, 1999
Tokar et al., 2000
Eicken & Boswell, 2002
Berger, 2002
Wong, Pituch, & Rochlen, 2006
Cusak, Deane, Wilson, Ciarrochi, 2006; Thomson, 2005

Career Choice Traditionality
Tokar & Jome, 1998
Dodson, 2001

Vocational Interests
Tokar & Jome, 1998

Career Decision Uncertainty
Rochlen, 2000
Rochlen & O’Brien, 2000

Religious Orientation
Lagan & Mahalik, 1999
Reiman, 1999
Jurkovic & Walker, 2006; Karten, 2005; Lindley & Schwartz, 2006

Spiritual Well Being
Lagan & Mahalik, 1999
Jurkovic & Walker, 2006

Emotional Intelligence
Eicken & Boswell, 2002
Hanson, 2003

Student Adaptation
Stanzione, 2005

Health Risk
McCreary & Courtenay, 2003
McConville, 2004

Health Locus of Control
Applewhite, 2006

10. THERAPISTS’ GENDER ROLE CONFLICT, THE THERAPY PROCESS, SUPERVISION

Acceptance of Non Traditional or Traditional Male Clients
Hayes, 1986
Wisch & Mahalik, 1996
Murphy, 2001

Prospective Client Evaluations of Problem Type and Emotional Content
Wisch, Mahalik, Hayes, & Nutt, 1993
Hurst, 1997

Therapist’s Attitudes Toward Client Psychopathology, Sexual Orientation & Emotional Expression
Wisch & Mahalik, 1996; 1999

Therapist’s Theoretical Orientation
Hurst, 1997
Rochlen, Land, Wong, 2003

Expectation of Counseling
Segalla, 1995
Hurst, 1997
Schaub & williams, 2007

Counseling Attitudes and Demographics
Burseley, 1996

Attitudes Toward Online Counseling
Rochlen, Land, & Wong, 2003

Characteristics of a Therapist
Rochlen, 2000, 2002
Rochlen & O’Brien, 2000, 2002
Rochlen, Land, Wong, 2003

Attitudes Toward Career Counseling
Rochlen, 2000, 2002
Rochlen & O’Brien, 2000, 2002
Rochlen, Blazina, & Rajhunathan, 2002
Rochlen, Lee, & Wong, 2004

Satisfaction With Therapy
Noyes, 2004

Counseling Approach
Rochlen, Lee, & Wong, 2004

Counselor Rating
Rochlen, Lee, Wong, 2004

Styles of Counseling or Career Counseling
Rochlen, 2000, 2002
Rochlen & O’Brien, 2000, 2002
Rochlen, Land, Wong, 2003

Therapy Experience
Burke, 2000

Effects of Treatment Options and Brochures
Rochlen, McKelley, & Pituch, 2006
Robinson & Fitzgerald, 1992
Blazina & Marks, 2001

Dreams
Rochlen & Hill, 2005

Treatment Fearfulness About Psychotherapy
Englar-Carlson, 2001

Career Decision Making
Rochlen, Blazina, Rajhunathan, 2002

Retirement Satisfaction
Graham & Roman, 2003
Graham, 2004

Supervisory Working Alliance
Wester, 2001
Cusak, Deane, Wilson, & Ciarrochi, 2006
Wester et al., 2004

Counseling Self Efficacy
Wester, 2001
Wester et al., 2004

Job Satisfaction
Dodson, 2001

Person-Job Fit
Agoncillo et al., 2004

Selling Masculine and Feminine Products
Agoncillo, Del Rosario, Nomil, 2004

Success (Appropriate & Inappropriate)
Zamarripa, Wampold, Gregory, 2003

Occupational Prestige Aspiration, & Perception
Dodson, 2001
Keller, 2006

11. HOW DOES GENDER ROLE CONFLICT AFFECTS OTHERS?

Womens’ Perception of Men’s GRC
Rochlen & Mahalik, 2004

Women’s Psychological Health & Somatization
Rochlen & Mahalik, 2004

Women’s Self Esteem, Depression, Anxiety, & Relationship Satisfaction
Rochlen & Mahalik, 2004